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無刷直流電動機是采用(yong)半(ban)導體(ti)開(kai)關器件來實現(xian)電子換(huan)向的(de)，即用(yong)電子開(kai)關器件代替傳統的(de)接觸(chu)式(shi)換(huan)向器和電刷。它具有(you)可靠(kao)性高、無換(huan)向火花、機械噪聲低等優點，廣泛應用(yong)于高檔錄(lu)音座(zuo)、錄(lu)像機、電子儀(yi)器及自動化辦公(gong)設備中。

無刷直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動機由永磁體轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)、多極(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)定(ding)子(zi)、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器等組(zu)(zu)成。位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)按(an)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變化，沿著一定(ding)次序對(dui)定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行換流(liu)（即檢測轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)磁極(ji)相對(dui)定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并在確定(ding)的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)產生(sheng)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)信號，經信號轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)路(lu)處(chu)理后去(qu)控制功率(lv)開關電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，按(an)一定(ding)的(de)邏輯關系(xi)進行繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)切換）。定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)壓由位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器輸出控制的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關電(dian)(dian)路(lu)提供。 位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器有磁敏式(shi)、光電(dian)(dian)式(shi)和電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)三(san)種類型。

采用(yong)磁敏(min)式位置傳(chuan)感器的無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，其(qi)磁敏(min)傳(chuan)感器件（例如霍爾(er)元件、磁敏(min)二極(ji)管、磁敏(min)詁(gu)極(ji)管、磁敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻器或專用(yong)集成電(dian)(dian)路等）裝在定子組件上，用(yong)來檢測(ce)永磁體、轉子旋轉時產生的磁場變(bian)化。

采用(yong)(yong)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)式(shi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)無刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)動機，在定(ding)(ding)子(zi)組件上按一定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)配置(zhi)了(le)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，轉(zhuan)子(zi)上裝有(you)遮光(guang)板，光(guang)源為(wei)發光(guang)二極管或小燈泡。轉(zhuan)子(zi)旋轉(zhuan)時，由于(yu)遮光(guang)板的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，定(ding)(ding)子(zi)上的(de)光(guang)敏元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件將會按一定(ding)(ding)頻率間歇間生(sheng)(sheng)脈沖信號。 采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)無刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)動機，是在定(ding)(ding)子(zi)組件上安裝有(you)電(dian)(dian)磁傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)部件（例如耦合變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)、接近開關、LC諧(xie)振(zhen)電(dian)(dian)路等），當永磁體轉(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)發生(sheng)(sheng)變化時，電(dian)(dian)磁效應將使電(dian)(dian)磁傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)高頻調制信號（其幅值隨(sui)轉(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)而變化）。